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EFFECT OF
BROKEN HOMES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The home is
the primary institution for children, home as perceived by Abdulganiyu (1997),
Christe (2009), defined home as a place in which an individual or a family can
rest and store personal property. Haven’t define the concept of home it is
therefore important to define family. The family can therefore, be looked at as
a social group characterized by common resident, economic, cooperation and
production. When a child is born, the family is the first primary group with
which they come into contact.
Transmission
of social values of right and wrong, what is morally and religiously accepted
or condemned by the family, it follows therefore that by the time a child
attained five to seven years of age he must have learnt what are his rights,
obligations and roles within the society. However, the background of a student
goes along way to determine his/her individuality. As the child enters schools,
he/she will start manifesting different attitudes and expectations. In addition
they may be of the same age group, developed at different rates and so may be
able to cope with the intellectual and social task of the school in varying
extent. However, a home can either be stable or broken.
A stable home
is one in which both parent (mother and father) lives together with their
children, while a broken home is the one in which one or both of the parents
are not living together with the children. It is the level at which the home
operates that determine the academic achievement of a students in school.
Broken homes been unstable can influence the achievement of a students
academically. Also, children that have suffered from neglect or lack of love
(in broken homes) are known to be psychologically imbalanced to face the
realities of life. When there is disunity in the family, or a difference
between a mother and a father, the child is caught in the middle and will be at
disadvantage. According to Blackby (2000), adequate research needs to be
conducted in this direction to ensure smooth transition of children from early
stages to adulthood.
Background
of the Study.
Many authors
have defined the home and deal fully and give various definitions to it.
According to Homeby (2004), broke home is a home in which the parents are
separated or divorced or are no more together as a result of death. In the same
way Udry (2004), define a broken home means a house in which the parental are
no more living together. Other researcher studies been carried out on broken
homes seem to agree that broken home are associated increase aggressive and
juvenile delinquency in children. From such home (broken home) children from
this lack proper care and security. In assessing the definition such as a
situation (broken home can result to poor academic achievement in student as
once the child misses such opportunity of guide, securities affection and
assistant where necessary).
Home and the
Childs’ family provide the best and first education since the child serve as
teachers. The parent laid the foundation for the desired social, moral,
emotional spiritual and intellectual well being of the child. The training a
child received from home is of imperative in his/her total personality
formation and the academic performance as a student in secondary school. It can
also be observed that the pattern of life in the home (stable or broken), the
economic and social status of the family in the community and many other
conditions that give the performance of student in the school,
Abdulganiyu
(2002), started that research have shown that children differs in various ways
as a result of variable of their home background such as socio-economic status,
parental attitude to school and child rearing practices. These home background
variables are also found to be positive related to children’s academic
performance.
Also Giwa
(1997), have also investigated the various factors within the students home
background or family that affect their academic performance in school, variable
such as socio-economic status, family size, birth order, parental attitude
child rearing practices parental absence or presence have been found to affect
social and intellectual learning experience of children in school.
This is so,
because children are born with some psychological, emotional and intellectual
needs such as need for love and security, the need for new experience, the need
for praise and recognition and need for responsibility. Many of these needs are
not offered to the children of broken home which influence their performance in
school. The extent to which these needs are met during the formative years of
children between birth and the age of six or seven in the extent to which they
enter school well equipped or ready to deal with the social and emotional
aspects of schooling. Based on the observation above and in line with the
assumption that economic and social future of many children in most localities
is being undermined by cultural practices that promotes widespread divorce amongst
couples and brought unnecessary hardship to the growing children. It is
pertinent at this juncture to point out in spite of all the needs expressed as
to be met by the students most especially secondary school students, this
research also has intended to seek for how much secondary school student is
affected in academic achievement, either as a result of his home been stable or
broken.
Statement of
the Problem
In our
society, children are sometimes exposed at an early age to all sort of dangers
arising from malnutrition, diseases and various temptation of surviving due to
absence of one or both of their parents. Student’s life in broken homes is
observed to be associated with emotional stress that can impair intellectual
development, thereby giving way for such children to grow up without being
trained properly. However, absence of one or both parents deprives young
children of the stable love, care, security and total support they have been
accustomed to and tend to make children different in the eyes of the peer
group.
If children
are asked where the missing parent is or why they have a new parent to replace
the missing parents, they become embarrassed and ashamed. They may also feel
guilty and unwanted by the society, such stressful situation leads to
psychological, emotional and intellectual imbalance in growing children. These
subsequently result to quitting from school or poor academic achievement of
secondary schools student as education require critical thinking, relax mind
and proper family support to be able to perform to expectation in the school.
Hence it becomes necessary to investigate factors that cause broken homes with
a view to finding solution to the problems for psychological well being of
growing children in our society, and these lead us to look at the effect of
broken homes on the academic performance secondary schools students in Nigeria.
Research
Questions
The
following research questions are formulated to guide this study.
1. Does the
home have any significant effect on secondary school student in Nigeria?
2. Does
broken home have any significant effect on the academic performances of
secondary school students in Nigeria?
3. Does the
socialization of the home have any significant effect on the academic
performances of secondary school students in Nigeria?
4 Is there
any significant different in the academic performance of secondary school
student from broken homes and these from unbroken home?
Research
Hypothesis
1. There is
no any significant effect on secondary school students in term of broken homes.
2. There is
no any significant difference in the academic performances of secondary school
students from broken homes and from unbroken homes.
3. There is
no any significant effect on the academic performances of secondary school
students in term of socialization of the home.
Objective of
the Study
The main
objective of this research work includes the following.
1. To assess the impact or effect of broken
homes influence on secondary schools students in Nigeria.
2. To find out the causes of broken homes and
the solution in Nigeria.
3. To seek for solution for widespread divorce
among couples.
4. To find out how absence of one or both parent
influence secondary schools students academic performances in school.
5. To suggest ways of women and men unnecessary
divorce
Significance
of the Study
The purpose
of this study is to find out causes of broken home on academic performance of
secondary schools students in Nigeria.
This is with a view to suggest ways of minimizing and overcoming the
problem. Home play very significant role in child personality formation and
socialization, broken homes are identified as one of the factor that undermined
the socialization process at home, which consequently affect the performance of
student. If the concern of education, secondary schools in particular is to
look after socialization process of the child as well as his intellectual
development, then this research work would be of great importance to parents
and educators, teacher and society at large that absence of one or both of the
parent affect children educational career. Lastly, it will be of benefit to
future researchers as the finding will serve as a source of literature
review.
Scope and
Limitation of the Study
Though, the
questions which prompted this study were found to be in existence in different
part of the country, most especially in the northern part of the country, it is
not possible for this research to cover all such areas. This is because the
research/ researchers cannot obtain data from all places concerned due to lack
of time and resources (both human and material resources). As the title of the
research reads, the research will be limited to only Esan West Local Government
Area of Edo state and it should be noted that the work may not represent some
areas in the local government and not all people during the course of the
research exercise will cooperate, hence the research is bound to experience
limitation.
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