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TABLE OF CONTENT: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1
Background of the Study 1.2 Statement
of the Research Problem 1.3
Objectives of the Study 1.4
Significance of the Study 1.5 Research
Questions 1.6 Research
Hypothesis 1.7 Conceptual
and Operational Definition 1.8
Assumptions 1.9
Limitations of the Study CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Sources
of Literature 2.2 The
Review 2.3 Summary
of Literature Review CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research
Method 3.2 Research
Design 3.3 Research
Sample 3.4 Measuring
Instrument 3.5 Data
Collection 3.6 Data
Analysis 3.7 Expected
Result CHAPTER FOUR DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 4.1 Data
Analysis 4.2 Results 4.3 Discussion CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Summary 5.2
Recommendations for Further Study Bibliography |
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CHAPTER
ONE |
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INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY Before the dawn of
modern civilization, our forefathers had a way of conducting themselves to
ensure peaceful co-existence and mutual understanding which is the cordial
point in public relations. Activities mostly are carried
individually because no one was a spokesman for the rest. But, as time went,
further, individual got the initiative of forming union, interest group and
organizations with impacts in regards to society. To alley the fears of the publics,
organizations saw the need to create an arm that could give and take information
from the public to retain their trust and co-operation. According to David ideal (1983) public
relations is the study of principle philosophies theories attitudes and the
ideas which govern human activities. The public relation practitioner employs
effective communications to build, sustain and defend his organization’s
reputation among both its internal and external publics. Along the line public relation among other
things helps to formulate polices and also in planning which involves working
out operational guidelines and strategies for attainment of the
objective. It also assists in the
policy execution and evaluation of the activities so far carried out. Also it
helps to determine how good the publics are the appropriates of strategies
and how well the execution has been effected; no double it is regards as a management function. The united kingdom president of
international association of business communication Vicki Staveacre says in a book titled
strategic communication that public relations actually contributes to bottom line. It supports the strategic objectives of the
company relationship with internal and external public as well as stake
holders. According
to study conducted by the association public relations contribute to the
bottomlined by preventing the cost of conflict with its public in terms of
strikes litigation and boycotts. Public
relations to achieve these ideas and goals for which an organization is
established it must not be neglected that is adequate public relations
planning and programming must be in line with that of the organization. This
planning programming and
implementation must be evaluated by measuring in terms of their parameter
audience, coverage response communication impact and process or
influence. This is why cult lip
Cortland centered in 1987 that the more likely they are to hold consistent
position on that issue the more a person is emotionally involved in his
beliefs on controversial statement. Individual
tend to see and respond to their pre-disposition if it is one of the basic
principles of public relations that people are essentially rational by
nature. They respond to facts and want the truth
and they will literately find and act upon it. Lawrence
N Notle 1978 cloistered that human beings are not
responsible and rational but rather emotional and which will eventually
oppose to a law in favour of buying it’s product or love it’s advertisement
but refuse to buy the advertise product but public relational knows how to
get on with such situations. Relating
to this Frank E. wash observes public relation as the planned effort to
influence opinion through good character and responsible performance based on
mutually two way communication in public relations which reaffirms that every
group or segment has a situation that relates them together and which they
have to agree upon with mutual understanding. Employees,
customers, suppliers, stake holders, communicators, government and academic
staffs with its organizations and be able to be heard by the external
body. Any thing shout of this amounts
to a mere shot in the clark, bearing in mind the subject matter must be
perfectly attended to in order to create a favourable opinion for the
organization, their complaints must be looked into with dispatch by the
public relation department. Pat Bowman and Nigel E (1976) and noted that all complaint genuine or not must be
acknowledged properly. Therefore,
customer are of immense vital to the public relations man and it’s
environment should make constant effect to see its environment should make
constant effort to se that they are comfortable. In today’s interdependence
society, all institutions are vested with public responsibility. Today’s
public opinion though it may appear as high as air may become tomorrow
legislation for better for worse, therefore, a wise firm makes public
relation not simply of a staff department but a management so that every
major business relation is considered from the stand point of its public
importance. Public
relations is a management function of a continuing and planned character
through which public and private organization and institution seek to win and
retain the understanding and support of those with whom they are or may be
concerned by evaluating public opinion about themselves in order to correlate
as far as possible their own policies and procedures to achieve more
efficient fulfillment of their common interest. When a company’s public image receives
a high rating it translates to increase public confidence patronage, good,
will higher profit growth peaceful and stable environment. Cuarles formbrum (1976) in his book
reputation realizing value from cooperate image, puts it succinctly thus A
reputation is invaluable because it
informs us about what products to buy what companies to work for or what
stocks to invest in against this background.
This particular study focused on public relations as a tool for conflict resolution a case study
of PHCN Enugu office. This study has become
imperative in the high of the importance of the communications in this
era of economic uncertainty and problem galore secondly by the
recent development in the industry such as the permission of
commercial carried to engage private
sector in telecommunication business ie which participation will indirectly expose PHCN to
some sort of competition. The
level of development in the industry and the country in general coupled with
the general misunderstanding of public relations calls for a study like this BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY The decision to
build a dam across River Kaduna in the area of Shiro, a small farmers villages near minna
in Nigeria state that gives its name to the gorge where the project is
located, has its origin in the survey carried
out in the early 1950’s and relevant to the exploitation of the energy
potential of the Nigerian River System. The survey, led to the implementation
of what is now 760 Mid Kainji and 540 MW Jebba power stations on the Niger
and of this 600 MW Shirow power station an the Kaduna, are of the tribularies
to the Niger. While the final design
of the whole project was prepared for PHCN, formerly NEPA by Chast. Main
international INC of Boston, mass USA, who where also responsible engineer
for the supervision of all the contract required of the civil works was
awarded by PHCN to the Halien from Torno SPA towards the end of the
1978. Other components of the projects
were awarded to different companies, which included the Austrain from Voest
Alphine for the supply and installation of the hydraulic turbines and
governors, of the federal republic of Yugoslavia fro the supply and
installation of the generator and excitation system, Mitsui Tioshuba of Japan for the generator
transformer and GEC of the UK for the protective relays and control equip.
High voltage swittgear and other switch yard equipment were supplied by
Siemens AG of the Federal republic of Germany while CEI of Italy handled
Electrical Installations and ancillary plant items. A Spanish company, Bynsa supplied the
project cranes. The shiroro hydroelectric project was
managed by the engineering division of PHCN. Significantly under the
leadership of the indefatigable engineer E.A Adeleye as project engineer. As is characterized with many projects
in Nigeria the Stioro hydroelectric project suffered delays and towards the
end of the 1980’s was even installed for lack of funds. It was the
intervention of Babangida that saved the situation when the appointed a
presidential co-ordinator Engineer M.K. Ibrahim with full powers and directly
answerable to him in November 1986 to complete the project. During its first nineteen years of
operation from January 1990 to December 2000, the station generated 41307 TWN
of energy accounting for a plant capacity factor of 41.36%. As part of an effort to improve the reliability
of power supply in the country, the machines as Shiroro power station have
been equipped with the necessary control devices to a enable the station
quickly store supply to a enable the station quickly store supply to a
section of the PHCN grid following a total collapse of the power station or
system. An important milestone in the
history of shirow power station of recent has been the establishment at the
site of a new national control centre equipped with state of art SCADA
(Supervisory control and data acquisition ) and EMS (Energy Management
System) facilities to supplement the other are at Oshogbos which was to
ensure a more effective system of operation and control. With the strong emphasis placed by the
civilian administration of Presidnt Olusegun Obansanjo an addressing the
energy short ages in the country and providing a stable power supply by December 2001,
fresh contract were awarded for the retiabilitation of the remaining units
which the country has technical history repaired in may, 1992 and repair
together with 1st overhaul completed in January 2001. BRIEF
HISTORY OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN NIGERIA Public
relations started in Nigeria around 1978 and was established by colonial
administration. The man who spear
headed this was harold cooper he was in charge of Lagos Kaduna, Enugu, Ibadon offices. He was first assigned to interpreted
government policies to the people with the aim of carrying out public
relations functions for the government. These offices served as harld
offices. During World War 11 cooper
and his counter parts dealt with programmes and problems of the war. Later
on public relations was introduced into railway cooperation. At this time the service of eminent Nigeria
journalist were sought for. After a
while John stoker took over from cooper.
He looked for the service of other veteran journalist like lijadu
mobolaji. Between 1950 and 1960 major
change like Nigeria Independence, the discovery of oil shift from trading to
industrialization occurred, Big companies like UAC and shell BP were forced
to start off public relation practice . In 1959 this establishment brought
awareness organization film shows and lectures, with popularity of public
relations. In Nigeria in 1962 the public relations association of Nigeria was
founded by late sam Epelle later on it
became an affiliate of the British instituted of public relations with Chief
Bob Okereke, Chief Abimbola, chief Bob Ogbuagu and Mr Ukpabi as pioneer
members STATEMENT
OF PESEARCH PROBLEM. Inspire of the fact that public
relations is supposed to enhance the achievement of an organization goals
many executives have mistake the forms of public relations are mere windows
dressing vicious propaganda or lies
unnecessary details and shallow gimmicks or just office expecting them
to perform public relations wonders with their smiles and champs instead of realizing that planned
public relations is more
effective than five Alarm” public
relation because planned public
relations even plans ahead for
crises or unexpected events very few people appreciate that public reactions
is at the heart of modern day
management. It is the management
function which gives the same organized and careful attention to the assets
of business done. Some of the public
relation approaches adopted in some organizations have not been effective. As
a result these methods public relation efforts fail and this effects the
over all performance of the organization and its set objectives as a whole
public relations as how different meaning
to both professionals and non- professionals. It is played with misrepresentation even on
the pages of news papers for instance in classified advert has this public
relations officer required ability to
ride motorcycle will be an advantage’’ one
begin to gives what the company needed is a dispatch ride and
not a public relations officer;
Another has this attractive lady
required a public relations officer who knows the undisclosed motives public
relations is the same organization
and careful attention to the
asserts of good will as in gives to any other major asset of business.
Therefore it becomes importer to
undertake a study on public relations procedures and how it has adopted and
used by PHCN to achieve its goals in
the light of this the following form the statement of problem that this study
intends to address 1
Does PHCN identify itself with social
environment in which it operates 2
Has the achievement of PHCN objectives
been hindered due to lack of planned and organized public
relations 3
Which public relations tools has been
most effective in reaching its public 4
In what ways have the used public
relations in PHCN helped in achieving its goals. OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY The inability to achieve
organizational set goals might not be unconnected with managers lack of
vision to communicates effectively the goals or objective of the organization
to the target public or it could be as a result of the in ability of the
public to organization goals as regards the organization goals or objectives
from management be it as it may the purpose for which the organization is set
up suffers. The
Power Holding Company of Nigeria LTD
(PHCN) is a federal government
owned entity although fully commercialized and expected to provide integrated internal
and external telephone services with
its headquarters at Abuja. These are bound to be problems arising from
information territorial office then to their substations PHCN as a business
entity it is certain that problems arises at times crop up and as such
hinders operations which at times retard progress and as they are different
individuals who might in one way or the other have different opinion and
ideal about PHCN. Below are the very
objectives of this study. 1.
The study is aimed at finding out
whether public relations is a tool for conflict resolution in PHCN Enugu Territorial Office Is Taken As case
study 2.
It shall find out PHCN public
relations focus and the gain from those focuses. 3.
To ascertain the level of public
awareness as regards PHCN’S policies and programmes. 4.
To find out which public relations
method has been most effective in
getting things done and why management
adopt such method 5.
To ascertain whether public relations
in PHCN a communication channel publication is a key to communication with
PHCN. SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY In this period of problem galore era
sequel the economic uncertainty many business out- lets are struggling to
remain in business. Right from the
time PHCN was given the responsibility of providing integrated internal and
external service with autonomy as a commercial organization to support itself
without government subversion. PHCN
have been graphing with a lot
of problem ranging from the need to withdraw to remain in business
considering the importance of telecommunication to the economy. PHCN cannot operate in the vacuum
if it is to field the kind of benefits required. The survival of PHCN
service inception has been a wonder
worth documenting in the record of
various changes that were aimed
at enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the company to
fulfilling its cooperate goals as
well as development roles assigned to it by the federal government . Therefore this study will help
ascertain public relations in PHCN .
it is worthy to note that business those day do not flourish by drums
ordination unlike the authoritarian era to date it is a business of “how you
make your bed so you lie on it” public
relations is the heart of modern day
business and for an organization to achieve its objectives it is imperative
to create needed business atmosphere where information will flow to enable
the better understanding of service rendered.
This study will at the management of PHCN territorial office and PHCN in general
because it is expected that suggestions made if taken an applied will enhance
industrial peace interest and inter personal relationship between PHCN and its key public. This
study is also expected to assist management of other various
institutions in making public relations a focus. Finally as an aspiring public relation
practitioner this research based more
on public relations will equally provide a basis conducted in the
future. RESEARCH
QUESTIONS a. Does public relations encourages cordials
relationship between PHCN and its publics? b.
Does public relation services create
cordial relationship between PHCN with its publics? c.
Are the consumer of PHCN satisfied
with services of public relations? d.
That credibility building and earning
a reputation for a company are predicated on
effective communication with
public e.
Through which median did you get to
know you think electricity is
imperative to development? RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS In relation to the survey and
observation of pr activities the following hypothesis are used to accelerate
the validity and substantiation of
facts H1:
The PHCN relationship between its publics is cordial. Ho
the PHCN relationship between its is publics are not cordial. H2
PHCN will resolve use public relations to resolve conflict. H0
PHCN will not resolve use public relations to resolve conflict. H0:
With the use of public relations services, PHCN consumer are satisfied. H0:
With the use of public relations services, PHCN consumer are not satisfied. THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK The importance and
choice of supporting this work with a theory is informed by its adequacy in
explaining communication theories which helps the effectiveness of public
relations in an organization. In addition to enquiring entry
qualification of its members, a profession needs to be grounded in a body of
theory, develop theories and testing how they work in practice enable
practioners working in the field to make the best decisions about how they
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